Section 401, Pub. L. 93–400, §2, Aug. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 96–83, §2, Oct. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 648; Pub. L. 98–191, §3, Dec. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 1325; Pub. L. 100–679, §2(a), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4055; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1091(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3272, stated policy of United States Government relating to procurement of property and services.
Section 402, Pub. L. 93–400, §3, Aug. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 100–679, §2(b), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4055, stated findings of Congress and purpose of this chapter.
For effective date and applicability of repeal, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 251 of this title.
Section 12 of Pub. L. 96–83 provided that: “Except to the extent otherwise provided therein, the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1979 Amendment note below] shall take effect on October 1, 1979.”
Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIV, §1401, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1663, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 414b, 428a, and 437 of this title, amending sections 403, 414, 433, and 436 of this title, section 2855 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 1115 of Title 31, Money and Finance, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 253, 253a, 405, 428a, and 433 of this title and section 1103 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, amending provisions set out as notes under section 264 of this title, section 2304 of Title 10, and section 501 of Title 31, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 2302 of Title 10] may be cited as the ‘Services Acquisition Reform Act of 2003’.”
Section 1 of Pub. L. 100–679 provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 421 to 424 of this title, amending this section, sections 402, 403, 405, 410, and 420 of this title, sections 5312 to 5315, 8331, 8401, 8701, and 8901 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 541 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, repealing section 2168 of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 405 and 423 of this title and section 5312 of Title 5] may be cited as the ‘Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act Amendments of 1988’.”
Section 1 of Pub. L. 98–191 provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 413 to 415 of this title, amending this section, sections 5, 6a–1, 252, 403, 405, 407, 409, 410, and 411 of this title, section 831h of Title 16, Conservation, and sections 474, 481, and 487 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works] may be cited as the ‘Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act Amendments of 1983’.”
Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 96–83 provided that: “This Act [amending this section, sections 403, 405, 407, and 409 to 412 of this title, and sections 474, 481, and 487 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property and Works, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 405a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act Amendments of 1979’.”
Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 93–400, as amended by Pub. L. 103–355, title X, §10005(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3406, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter and amending section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and sections 474, 481, and 487 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works] may be cited as the ‘Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act’.”
Section 10005(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–355 provided that: “The Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) is amended so that the section designation and section heading of each section of such Act is in the same form and typeface as the section designation and heading of this section [108 Stat. 3406].”
Pub. L. 102–394, title V, §502, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: “No part of any appropriation contained in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts shall be expended by an executive agency, as referred to in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 401 et seq.), pursuant to any obligation for services by contract, unless such executive agency has awarded and entered into such contract in full compliance with such Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.”
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 102–170, title V, §502, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1140.
Pub. L. 101–517, title V, §502, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2221.
Pub. L. 101–166, title V, §502, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(h) [title V, §502], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329–287.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §502], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §502], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287.
Pub. L. 99–178, title V, §502, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132.
Pub. L. 98–619, title V, §502, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3332.
Pub. L. 98–139, title V, §502, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 899.
Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(e)(1) [title V, §502], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904.
Ex. Ord. No. 12073, Aug. 16, 1978, 43 F.R. 36873, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United States of America, and in order to strengthen the economic base of our Nation, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1–101. Executive agencies shall emphasize procurement set-asides in labor surplus areas in order to strengthen our Nation's economy.
1–102. Labor surplus area procurements shall be consistent with this Order and, to the extent funds are available, the priorities of Section 15 of the Small Business Act, as amended by Public Law 95–89 (15 U.S.C. 644).
1–201. The Administrator shall coordinate with and advise State and local officials with regard to Federal efforts to encourage procurements in labor surplus areas with the aim of fostering economic development in labor surplus areas.
1–202. The Administrator shall establish specific labor surplus area procurement targets for Executive agencies in consultation with the heads of those agencies.
1–203. In cooperation with the heads of Executive agencies, the Administrator shall encourage the use of set-asides or other appropriate methods for meeting procurement targets in labor surplus areas.
1–204. The Administrator shall report every six months to the President on the progress of the agencies in achieving the procurement targets.
1–301. The Secretary of Labor shall classify and designate labor markets which are labor surplus areas. The Secretary shall provide labor market data to the heads of agencies and State and local officials in order to promote the development of business opportunities in labor surplus areas.
1–302. The heads of Executive agencies shall cooperate with the Administrator in carrying out his responsibilities for labor surplus area programs and shall provide the information necessary for setting procurement targets and recording achievement. They shall keep the Administrator informed of plans and programs which affect labor surplus procurements, with particular attention to opportunities for minority firms.
1–303. In accord with Section 6 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 405), the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy shall be responsible for the overall direction and oversight of the policies affecting procurement programs for labor surplus areas.
Jimmy Carter.
Ex. Ord. No. 12092, Nov. 1, 1978, 43 F.R. 51375, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12161, Sept. 28, 1979, 44 F.R. 56663, which related to the prohibition against inflationary procurement practices, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12288, Jan. 29, 1981, 46 F.R. 10135.
Ex. Ord. No. 12352, Mar. 17, 1982, 47 F.R. 12125, which related to Federal procurement reform to support mission accomplishment more effectively, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12931, §4, Oct. 13, 1994, 59 F.R. 52388, set out below.
Ex. Ord. No. 12818, Oct. 23, 1992, 57 F.R. 48713, which prohibited executive agencies from requiring labor agreements on Federal or federally funded construction projects, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12836, §1, Feb. 1, 1993, 58 F.R. 7045, which was itself revoked as it relates to notification of employee rights concerning payment of union dues or fees by Ex. Ord. No. 13201, §11, Feb. 17, 2001, 66 F.R. 11221, which was itself revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13496, §13, Jan. 30, 2009, 74 F.R. 6110, set out as a note under section 254 of this title, and as it relates to project agreements by Ex. Ord. No. 13202, §8, Feb. 17, 2001, 66 F.R. 11226, which was itself revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13502, §8, Feb. 6, 2009, 74 F.R. 6986, set out as a note under section 251 of this title.
Ex. Ord. No. 12931, Oct. 13, 1994, 59 F.R. 52387, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to ensure effective and efficient spending of public funds through fundamental reforms in Government procurement, it is hereby ordered as follows:
(a) Review agency procurement rules, reporting requirements, contractual requirements, certification procedures, and other administrative procedures over and above those required by statute, and, where practicable, replace them with guiding principles that encourage and reward innovation;
(b) Review existing and planned agency programs to assure that such programs meet agency mission needs;
(c) Ensure that procurement organizations focus on measurable results and on increased attention to understanding and meeting customer needs;
(d) Increase the use of commercially available items where practicable, place more emphasis on past contractor performance, and promote best value rather than simply low cost in selecting sources for supplies and services;
(e) Ensure that simplified acquisition procedures are used, to the maximum extent practicable, for procurements under the simplified acquisition threshold in order to reduce administrative burdens and more effectively support the accomplishment of agency missions;
(f) Expand the use of the Government purchase card by the agency and take maximum advantage of the micro-purchase authority provided in the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 [Pub. L. 103–355, see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 251 of this title] by delegating the authority, to the maximum extent practicable, to the offices that will be using the supplies or services to be purchased;
(g) Establish clear lines of contracting authority and accountability;
(h) Establish career education programs for procurement professionals, including requirements for successful completion of educational requirements or mandatory training for entry level positions and for promotion to higher level positions, in order to ensure a highly qualified procurement work force;
(i) Designate a Procurement Executive with agency-wide responsibility to oversee development of procurement goals, guidelines, and innovation, measure and evaluate procurement office performance against stated goals, enhance career development of the procurement work force, and advise the agency heads whether goals are being achieved; and
(j) Review existing and planned information technology acquisitions and contracts to ensure that the agency receives the best value with regard to price and technology, and consider alternatives in cases where best value is not being obtained.
(a) Coordinating Government-wide efforts;
(b) Assisting executive agencies in streamlining guidance for procurement processes;
(c) Identifying desirable Government-wide procurement system criteria; and
(d) Identifying major inconsistencies in law and policies relating to procurement that impose unnecessary burdens on the private sector and Federal procurement officials, and, following coordination with executive agencies, submitting necessary legislative initiatives to the Office of Management and Budget for the resolution of such inconsistencies.
William J. Clinton.
Ex. Ord. No. 12969, Aug. 8, 1995, 60 F.R. 40989, which provided for Federal agencies to contract with companies that report in a public manner on toxic chemicals released to the environment, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13148, §901, Apr. 21, 2000, 65 F.R. 24604, formerly set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 28, 1993, 58 F.R. 58095, provided:
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies [and] the President's Management Council
The Federal Government spends $200 billion annually buying goods and services. Unfortunately, the red tape and burdensome paperwork of the current procurement system increases costs, produces unnecessary delays, and reduces Federal work force productivity. Moving to an electronic commerce system to simplify and streamline the purchasing process will promote customer service and cost-effectiveness. The electronic exchange of acquisition information between the private sector and the Federal Government also will increase competition by improving access to Federal contracting opportunities for the more than 300,000 vendors currently doing business with the Government, particularly small businesses, as well as many other vendors who find access to bidding opportunities difficult under the current system. For these reasons, I am committed to fundamentally altering and improving the way the Federal Government buys goods and services by ensuring that electronic commerce is implemented for appropriate Federal purchases as quickly as possible.
1. OBJECTIVES.
The objectives of this electronic commerce initiative are to:
(a) exchange procurement information—such as solicitations, offers, contracts, purchase orders, invoices, payments, and other contractual documents—electronically between the private sector and the Federal Government to the maximum extent practical;
(b) provide businesses, including small, small disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses, with greater access to Federal procurement opportunities;
(c) ensure that potential suppliers are provided simplified access to the Federal Government's electronic commerce system;
(d) employ nationally and internationally recognized data formats that serve to broaden and ease the electronic interchange of data; and
(e) use agency and industry systems and networks to enable the Government and potential suppliers to exchange information and access Federal procurement data.
2. IMPLEMENTATION.
The President's Management Council, in coordination with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy of the Office of Management and Budget, and in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies with applicable technical and functional expertise, as necessary, shall provide overall leadership, management oversight, and policy direction to implement electronic commerce in the executive branch through the following actions:
(a) by March 1994, define the architecture for the Government-wide electronic commerce acquisition system and identify executive departments or agencies responsible for developing, implementing, operating, and maintaining the Federal electronic system;
(b) by September 1994, establish an initial electronic commerce capability to enable the Federal Government and private vendors to electronically exchange standardized requests for quotations, quotes, purchase orders, and notice of awards and begin Government-wide implementation;
(c) by July 1995, implement a full scale Federal electronic commerce system that expands initial capabilities to include electronic payments, document interchange, and supporting databases; and
(d) by January 1997, complete Government-wide implementation of electronic commerce for appropriate Federal purchases, to the maximum extent possible.
This implementation schedule should be accelerated where practicable.
The head of each executive department or agency shall:
(a) ensure that budgetary resources are available, within approved budget levels, for electronic commerce implementation in each respective department or agency;
(b) assist the President's Management Council in implementing the electronic commerce system as quickly as possible in accordance with the schedules established herein; and
(c) designate one or more senior level employees to assist the President's Management Council and serve as a point of contact for the development and implementation of the Federal electronic commerce system within each respective department or agency.
3. NO PRIVATE RIGHTS CREATED.
This directive is for the internal management of the executive branch and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.
The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
William J. Clinton.