The reserve components of the armed forces are:
(1) The Army National Guard of the United States.
(2) The Army Reserve.
(3) The Navy Reserve.
(4) The Marine Corps Reserve.
(5) The Air National Guard of the United States.
(6) The Air Force Reserve.
(7) The Coast Guard Reserve.
(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(b)(1)(Z), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 261(a) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1661(a)(2)(A).
2006—Par. (3). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "Navy Reserve" for "Naval Reserve".
Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(a)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233, provided that: "The reserve component of the Armed Forces known as the Naval Reserve is redesignated as the Navy Reserve."
Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(h), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3237, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(h)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4377, provided that: "Any reference in any law, regulation, document, record, or other paper of the United States to the Naval Reserve, other than a reference to the Naval Reserve regarding the United States Naval Reserve Retired List, shall be considered to be a reference to the Navy Reserve."
Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §517, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1884, which authorized the Secretary of the Navy, with the President's approval, to redesignate the Naval Reserve as the "Navy Reserve", was repealed by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3233.
Section effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title V, §518, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2567, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) An analysis of how the covered action would improve readiness.
"(2) A description of how the covered action would align with the National Defense Strategy and the supporting strategies of each military departments.
"(3) A description of any proposed organizational change associated with the covered action and how the covered action will affect the relationship of administrative, operational, or tactical control responsibilities of the covered unit.
"(4) The projected cost and any projected long-term cost savings of the covered action.
"(5) A detailed description of any requirements for new infrastructure or relocation of equipment and assets necessary for the covered action.
"(6) A description of how the covered activity will affect the ability of the covered Armed Force to accomplish its current mission.
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) The term 'covered action' means any of the following:
"(A) To deactivate.
"(B) To reassign.
"(C) To move the home station.
"(2) The term 'covered Armed Force' means the following:
"(A) The Army.
"(B) The Navy.
"(C) The Marine Corps.
"(D) The Air Force.
"(E) The Space Force.
"(3) The term 'covered unit' means a unit of a reserve component of a covered Armed Force."
Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title V, §518, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3590, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"(1) incorporate elements of State direct employment programs for members of the reserve components; and
"(2) use resources provided to members of the Armed Forces with civilian training opportunities through the SkillBridge transition training program administered by the Department of Defense.
"(e)
"(1) identifying unemployed and underemployed individuals;
"(2) job matching services;
"(3) resume editing;
"(4) interview preparation; and
"(5) post-employment follow up.
"(f)
"(g)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) A description and assessment of the effectiveness and achievements of the pilot program, including the number of members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces hired and the cost-per-placement of participating members.
"(B) An assessment of the effects of the pilot program and increased reserve component employment on the readiness of members of the reserve components and on the retention of members.
"(C) A comparison of the pilot program to other programs conducted by the Department of Defense to provide unemployment or underemployment support to members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces, including the best practices developed through and used in such programs.
"(D) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.
"(h)
"(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the authority to carry out the pilot program expires on September 30, 2024.
"(2) The Secretary may elect to extend the pilot program for not more than two additional fiscal years."
Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VII, §706, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1800, as amended by Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title V, §511(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 751, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) Research on the causes, development, and innovative treatment of mental health and substance use disorders and traumatic brain injury in members of the National Guard and Reserves, their family members, and their caregivers.
"(2) Identifying and disseminating evidence-based treatments of mental health and substance use disorders and traumatic brain injury described in paragraph (1).
"(3) Outreach and education to such members, their families and caregivers, and the public about mental health, substance use disorders, traumatic brain injury, and suicide prevention.
"(d)
"(e)
Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VII, §703(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1471, provided that:
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) Programs providing access to licensed mental health providers in armories, reserve centers, or other places for scheduled unit training assemblies.
"(B) Programs providing training on suicide prevention and post-suicide response.
"(C) Psychological health programs.
"(D) Such other programs as the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Surgeon General for the National Guard of the State in which the members concerned reside, the Director of Psychological Health of the State in which the members concerned reside, the Department of Mental Health or the equivalent agency of the State in which the members concerned reside, or the Director of the Psychological Health Program of the National Guard Bureau, considers appropriate.
"(3)
"(4)
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §514, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2282, provided that:
"(a)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(b)
"(c)
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §597(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2344, which related to annual reports on the Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1072(d)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 995.
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §582, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 122, as amended by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §595, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2338; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, §583, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4228; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title V, §590, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §581(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1766; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title V, §551, title X, §1072(d)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 820, 995, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"(1)
"(A)
"(B)
"(2)
"(A) To collect and analyze 'lessons learned' and suggestions from State National Guard and Reserve organizations with existing or developing reintegration programs.
"(B) To assist in developing training aids and briefing materials and training representatives from State National Guard and Reserve organizations.
"(C) To develop and implement a process for evaluating the effectiveness of the Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program in supporting the health and well-being of eligible individuals.
"(D) To develop and implement a process for identifying best practices in the delivery of information and services in programs of outreach as described in subsection (j).
"(3)
"(e)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(A) an evaluation of the implementation of the Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program by State National Guard and Reserve organizations;
"(B) an assessment of any unmet resource requirements; and
"(C) recommendations regarding closer coordination between the Office of Reintegration Programs and State National Guard and Reserve organizations.
"(f)
"(1) to implement the reintegration curriculum through the deployment cycle described in subsection (g);
"(2) to obtain necessary service providers; and
"(3) to educate service providers and community-based organizations regarding the unique military nature of the reintegration program.
"(g)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"(i) helping eligible individuals cope with the challenges and stress associated with such period;
"(ii) decreasing the isolation of eligible individuals during such period; and
"(iii) preparing eligible individuals for the challenges associated with reintegration.
"(C)
"(i) reconnecting the member with their families, friends, and communities;
"(ii) providing information on employment opportunities;
"(iii) helping eligible individuals deal with the challenges of reintegration;
"(iv) ensuring that eligible individuals understand what benefits they are entitled to and what resources are available to help them overcome the challenges of reintegration; and
"(v) providing a forum for addressing negative behaviors related to operational stress and reintegration.
"(3)
"(4)
"(A) one event or activity before a period of activation, mobilization, or deployment;
"(B) one event or activity during a period of activation, mobilization, or deployment; and
"(C) two events or activities after a period of activation, mobilization, or deployment.
"(h)
"(1) Marriage counseling.
"(2) Services for children.
"(3) Substance abuse awareness and treatment.
"(4) Mental health awareness and treatment.
"(5) Financial counseling.
"(6) Anger management counseling.
"(7) Domestic violence awareness and prevention.
"(8) Employment assistance.
"(9) Preparing and updating family care plans.
"(10) Development of strategies for living with a member of the Armed Forces with post-traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury.
"(11) Other services that may be appropriate to address the unique needs of members of the Armed Forces and their families who live in rural or remote areas with respect to family readiness and servicemember reintegration.
"(12) Assisting members of the Armed Forces and their families find and receive assistance with military family readiness and servicemember reintegration, including referral services.
"(13) Development of strategies and programs that recognize the need for long-term follow-up services for reintegrating members of the Armed Forces and their families for extended periods following deployments, including between deployments.
"(14) Assisting members of the Armed Forces and their families in receiving services and assistance from the Department of Veterans Affairs, including referral services.
"(15) Resiliency training to promote comprehensive programs for members of the Armed Forces to build mental and emotional resiliency for successfully meeting the demands of the deployment cycle.
"(16) Stress management and positive coping skills.
"(i)
"(j)
"(k)
"(l)
Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §520, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3238, directed the Secretary of the Army to carry out a pilot program in two States to assess the feasibility and advisability of using a coalition of military and civilian community personnel to enhance the quality of life for members of the Army Reserve and their families and, not later than Apr. 1, 2007, submit to the appropriate Senate and House committees a report on the pilot program with appropriate assessments and recommendations.
Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §513(h), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1882, as amended by Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1079(g), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 999, provided that:
"(1) The Secretary of Defense shall annually review the reserve components of the Armed Forces with regard to—
"(A) the roles and missions of the reserve components; and
"(B) the compensation and other benefits, including health care benefits, that are provided for members of the reserve components under the laws of the United States.
"(2) The first review under paragraph (1) shall take place during fiscal year 2006."
Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8016, Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 654, provided that none of the funds appropriated for Department of Defense during and after fiscal year 1996 were to be obligated for pay of any individual who was initially employed after Dec. 1, 1995, as technician in administration and training of Army Reserve and maintenance and repair of supplies issued to Army Reserve unless such individual was also military member of Army Reserve troop program unit that he or she was employed to support, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, §522(e), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1735.
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8015, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2620.
Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8016, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1440.
Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9019, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1904.
Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8018, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1175.
Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8018, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1878.
Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9027, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1135.
Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8045, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–25.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8055], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–72.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title IX, §9054], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–111, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title IX, §9054], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–111.
Pub. L. 99–190, §101(b) [title VIII, §8059], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1212.
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8076], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1938.
Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §783, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1453.
Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8017, Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 655, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the current fiscal year and hereafter, the Secretaries of the Army and Air Force may authorize the retention in an active status until age sixty of any person who would otherwise be removed from an active status and who is employed as a National Guard or Reserve technician in a position in which active status in a reserve component of the Army or Air Force is required as a condition of that employment."
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8016, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2620.
Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8018, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1441.
Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9022, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1905.
Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8022, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1176.
Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8022, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1879.
Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9032, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1136.
Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8052, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–26.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8064], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–73.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title IX, §9063], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–112, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title IX, §9063], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–112.
Pub. L. 99–190, §101(b) [title VIII, §8073], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1214.
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8106], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1943.